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Offseason Primer, Part 3: The CBA

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The Collective Bargaining Agreement  is, in fundamental terms, a labor agreement between the player's union (the National Basketball Player's Association ) and the NBA itself. In fact, the NBPA has the whole sh'bang (all 43 articles and exhibits A through J-2) posted on their website for you to peruse.

In practice, suffice to say that this is the document that outlines the way that players are contracted to play for teams in the league.

This enemy of the forest covers EVERYTHING. Sure, there's the regulations most people have heard of like free agency, trades, waivers, rosters, scheduling and the All-Star Game. But there's also some lesser known, but very interesting, stuff on agent regulations, pension specifics, facility playing-conditions and broadcast rights.

The amount of detail and verbosity of this document almost make you thankful for lawyers. Luckily, Mr. Larry Coon has created the best distillation of said document known to man. And, if you're lucky, he'll answer your specific question over at RealGM.

Instead of forcing you to read through my ramblings on contract law or forcing you to go dig through the CBA or the aforementioned FAQ, I thought I'd open the floor for questions.

So lay it on us; you ask the questions, I'll dig up the answers.

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There’s a thread we were having over at TWolvesblog about which exceptions the Wolves would use if they brought, say, Gomes, Bassy, and Richard back. We figured out Richard (minimum), but were unclear about the rest.

by Stop-n-Pop on May 13, 2008 6:25 AM CDT reply reply actions actions   0 recs

I was just about to bring that one up. Here is the thread for your perusal:

http://www.twolvesblog.com/forum/minnesota-timberwolves-den/12721-team-needs.html

The bottom of Page 1 is where we all really start getting into it.

by College Wolf on May 13, 2008 7:49 AM CDT to parent up reply reply actions actions   0 recs

Exceptions

The short of the short on signing 2nd round picks is (I agree with what was figured out on TWolvesBlog) that they can be signed using the Minimum Player Salary Exception. The caveat here is that these contracts can only be 2 years in length. In the case of Ryan Gomes (where Boston signed him to a 3 year deal after drafting him) they used a portion of their Mid-Level Exception to sign him. You can see the annual minimums based on years of experience here.

For re-signing free agents, things are different. The rights held by a team on their free agents determine whether they’re allowed to go over the Salary Cap to re-sign them. Bird Rights allow teams to use the Larry Bird Exception to sign their players and Early Bird Rights allow teams to use the Early Bird Exception to sign players (duh, right?).

Larry Bird Exception:

This exception allows teams to exceed the salary cap to re-sign their own free agents, up to the player’s maximum salary. The player must have played for three seasons without being waived or changing teams as a free agent. This means a player can obtain “Bird rights” by playing under three one-year contracts, a single contract of at least three years, or any combination. It also means that when a player is traded, his Bird rights are traded with him, and his new team can use the Bird exception to re-sign him. These contracts can be up to six years in length. A player can receive raises up to 10.5% of the salary in the first season of the contract.
So the Wolves hold Bird Rights (and can use the associated Exception) on Gomes (3 years on the same contract), Telfair (4 years on the same rookie contract), Snyder (4 years on the same rookie contract), and Doleac (4 years on the same contact).

Early Bird Exception:

A player qualifies for this exception after playing two seasons without being waived or changing teams as a free agent. Using this exception, a team may re-sign its own free agent for 175% of his salary the previous season or the average player salary, whichever is greater. Early Bird contracts must be for at least two seasons … and no longer than five seasons. A player can receive raises up to 10.5% of the salary in the first season of the contract using this exception. If the player is a restricted free agent with two years of service and receives an offer sheet from a new team, the player’s prior team may use the Early Bird exception to match the offer sheet.
In this case, Craig Smith is an obvious qualifier. He just finished his second season without being waived or changing teams. Also note that the last sentence applies to him as well.

Chris Richard, however, is a different matter altogether. He was signed to just a 1 year contract (let me take this opportunity to mention that I personally think signing 2nd round picks to 1 year contracts is moronic considering that the 2nd year is usually a team option or non-guaranteed; little or nothing to lose as far as I can see).

Non-bird rights:

They are veteran free agents who are neither Qualifying Veteran Free Agents [ed. Bird rights] nor Early Qualifying Veteran Free Agents [ed. Early Bird rights] , either because they haven’t met the criteria, or because they are Early Bird free agents following the second season of their rookie scale contract and whose team renounced the Early-Bird exception. This exception allows a team to re-sign its own free agent to a salary starting at 120% of the player’s salary in the previous season, 120% of the minimum salary, or the amount needed to tender a qualifying offer (if the player is a restricted free agent—see question number 36), whichever is greater. Raises are limited to 8% of the salary in the first year of the contract, and contracts are limited to five seasons when this exception is used.

This is the one that applies to Chris Richard. He doesn’t have the 2 or 3 seasons required for Bird or Early Bird rights. While it’s unlikely that a team will offer him more than the minimum, they certainly could. If the do, and the offer is more than $853,820 (120% of the minimum for a player with 1-year of experience) the Wolves would have to dip into to Bi-Annual Exception or Mid-Level Exception.

Phew, let me know if that doesn’t answer the question. Or, if it looks like a cop-out with all the quotes :)

by wyn on May 13, 2008 10:36 AM CDT to parent up reply reply actions actions   0 recs

Well done Wyn, I think you nailed it.

by College Wolf on May 13, 2008 12:09 PM CDT to parent up reply reply actions actions   0 recs

I have looked through the FAQ for this, but I haven’t asked Larry: in a sign-and-trade, can other players be included? For example, could the Wolves sign-and-trade say Craig Smith plus Marko Jaric for players X, Y, Z? Or would Marko have to be a separate trade?

by Matty_P on May 13, 2008 8:23 AM CDT reply reply actions actions   0 recs

Working on this one Matty_P. Get back to you tomorrow.

by wyn on May 13, 2008 3:27 PM CDT to parent up reply reply actions actions   0 recs

Sorry, that took an extra day.

In the CBA, trade rules are covered here. Section e is the one that pertains specifically to sign-and-trades.

However, I can’t find anything that states a sign-and-trade player cannot be traded with another player. The following S&T’s that I can think of were multi-player (even when excluding minimum-salary players, as they can be traded left and right): Eddy Curry, Jamal Crawford, Grant Hill/Ben Wallace/Chucky Atkins.

So, my best guess is that there is no problem with multi-player sign and trades. This is especially true since I believe that all three players in the Hill/Wallace/Atkins deal were S&T’s. Seems like my source is down at the moment, so I’ll double check when it’s back.

by wyn on May 15, 2008 5:01 PM CDT to parent up reply reply actions actions   0 recs

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